Yes, Judge Judy was a real judge, but she retired shortly before launching her TV show. On TV, she plays an arbiter rather than a judge. That said, the rulings she gives are legally binding. She handles cases that would typically go to small claims courts.Judge Judy Sheindlin, of TV’s Judge Judy, 2019. Courtesy of CBS Television Distribution. When Sheindlin began serving as an assistant prosecutor in the family courts in 1972, she appeared before Judge Jane Bolin, whom she counts as an important influence on her career. “She was a terrific judge and knew how to control a courtroom ... Judge Judy TV Listings. 1996 -2022. 25 Seasons. Syndicated. Reality. TVG. Watchlist. Where to Watch. The brassy, no-nonsense judge presides over small-claims cases in this courtroom reality series ...See full list on biography.com Most of Judge Judy’s $445 Million Net Worth Came from Her Iconic TV Show. Judge Judy is currently worth $445 million but what is more surprising is how she makes the money. She earned $47 million annually which left her as the highest-paid daytime TV personality. Interestingly, she only worked 52 days a year.Nov 18, 2021 · In November Judy Justice premiered on IMDb TV, featuring Judy’s granddaughter Sarah Rose as law clerk. Here, Sarah Rose shares an intimate letter to the mentor she calls “the light of my life ... Judy Sheindlin, who left her iconic daytime show "Judge Judy" after a quarter-century, kicks off her new court show, "Judy Justice," Monday (Nov. 1) on Amazon Prime. "Judge Judy" continues to rule ...Jun 5, 2021 · Judge Judy Sheindlin is adjourning from her hit daytime show after 25 years. But not before getting a few things off her chest. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Sheindlin said tensions… Nov 1, 2021 · Towards the end of Judge Judy’s 25-year run, Sheindlin was hauling in $47m a year (her estimated net worth is about $440m). Since the show only required her to work for 52 days a year, that ... Judge Judy Learns What a Slim Jim Is. In a feud over $700 in frozen meat, the judge gets a primer on beef sticks. 09/06/2023. 09/01/2023; 08/31/2023; 08/30/2023; 08 ...Apr 28, 2022 · Byrd will be the show’s bailiff, as he was alongside Sheindlin for 25 years of the daytime hit Judge Judy.When Judy Justice was announced, however, Byrd’s name was conspicuously missing ... After serving on her show for 25 seasons, 'Judge Judy's bailiff Petri Hawkins Byrd was priced out of her new show 'Judy Justice' on IMDb TV, and slammed the show for cutting him out.See full list on biography.com Judy Justice. in the works. 'Judge Judy' will end in 2021 after 25 seasons, with new show 'Judy Justice' featuring Judy Sheindlin in the works. 'Judge Judy' will still air reruns after new ...May 12, 2023 · Judge Judy Sheindlin and her husband, Jerry Sheindlin, have been together for over 40 years. The couple got married in 1977 and share five children from both of their previous marriages. In 1990 ... Most of Judge Judy’s $445 Million Net Worth Came from Her Iconic TV Show. Judge Judy is currently worth $445 million but what is more surprising is how she makes the money. She earned $47 million annually which left her as the highest-paid daytime TV personality. Interestingly, she only worked 52 days a year.Apr 28, 2022 · Byrd will be the show’s bailiff, as he was alongside Sheindlin for 25 years of the daytime hit Judge Judy.When Judy Justice was announced, however, Byrd’s name was conspicuously missing ... Here’s Why. If there’s one thing the team behind “ Judy Justice ,” Judge Judy Sheindlin’s IMDb TV courtroom series premiering Nov. 1, want you to know about the series, it is that “it ...Damian Dovarganes/AP. Judy Sheindlin has been one of the highest-paid people in TV for years, churning out episode after episode of Judge Judy. But after years of syndication, Sheindlin has shut ...Judge Judy is returning to TV with a new court show… and her longtime bailiff has an objection.. After wrapping up a 25-year run with the syndicated Judge Judy, Judith Sheindlin is launching ...Judge Judy’s granddaughter, Sarah Rose Levy, not only calls the legendary lawyer family, she says she’s her “very best friend.” Levy, 24, penned a heartfelt letter to her 79-year-old ...Judge Judy Sheindlin is adjourning from her hit daytime show after 25 years. But not before getting a few things off her chest. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Sheindlin said tensions…Mar 3, 2020 · Source: Getty Images. On March 2, Judy Sheindlin — better known as "Judge Judy" — announced that the upcoming season of her namesake courtroom show would be its last. "I've had a 25-year-long marriage with CBS, and it's been successful," she shared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, adding that a slate of new episodes will air throughout most of ... The Real Reason Judge Judy Was Canceled. Judge Judy is hanging up her black robe and putting down her gavel. The iconic TV judge has officially announced her departure from the hit show. The Independent reports that Judy Sheindlin is leaving her popular courtroom series after 25 years on the air. Sheindlin has been a staple on CBS for decades ...Jun 20, 2023 · In 2001 Judge Milian replaced Judge Judy’s husband, Jerry Sheindlin as the judge on “The People’s Court,” making her television debut on 12 March 2001 in an episode in the 17 th season. She was the first female Latina judge, not only on “The People’s Court,” but in any English-speaking television court series. Jan 20, 2022 · Judy Justice, the recently launched IMDb TV series starring Judge Judy Sheindlin, will return January 24 with new weekday episodes. In addition to announcing the date, Amazon-owned IMDb TV also sai… Aug 1, 2022 · ‘Judge Judy’ sees Judy Sheindlin taking over the reins. She is an actual judge, having worked at the Manhattan family court. She is an actual judge, having worked at the Manhattan family court. Having passed the bar in 1965, she went on to become a prosecutor and finally, a judge in 1982. Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; born October 21, 1942), known professionally as Judge Judy, is an American court-show arbitrator, media personality, television producer, philanthropist, and former prosecutor and Manhattan family court judge. EMMY® AWARD WINNER - The Honorable Judy Sheindlin, retired Judge of the Manhattan Family Court, brings her signature blend of sharp wit and wisdom, hilarious candor and unwavering honesty that has made her America’s favorite judge for over 25 years, as she presides over real cases, arbitrates binding decisions and delivers what only she can: “Judy Justice.Nov 23, 2022 · Judge Judy looked unrecognisable as she stepped out with her husband in Los Angeles. The TV judge, 80, was snapped alongside her spouse Jerry Sheindlin, 89, as the pair were spotted leaving a ... Our final judgment: Judge Judy viewers should find plenty to love about Judy Justice, because it so closely follows the tried-and-true Judge Judy formula. Four episodes of Judy Justice are now ...Jun 15, 2023 · What is Judge Judy's Net Worth and Salary? Judith Sheindlin, better known as Judge Judy, is an American family court judge and television star who has a net worth of $440 million. Feb 2, 2022 · Judy Sheindlin or a.k.a “Judge Judy” is a U.S Based prosecution lawyer, a former Manhattan family court judge, and today an author, television personality, and producer. For a decade now, she has been running Judge Judy, an Arbitration-based court show series which runs on daytime and has an average 10 million viewers and has earned her a ... Sep 10, 2021 · Judge Judy is taking her gavel to IMDb TV. After ending her 25-year streak as America’s favorite lady of the courthouse on CBS’ Judge Judy , Judy Sheindlin will debut her new series this November. Judy Sheindlin is stepping down from the Judge Judy bench after 25 years, but TV's highest-paid host made sure to walk away without lightening her pocketbook. The court show icon reveals she had ...Judy said, "I am looking forward to a banner 25th anniversary season. CBS has been a fine partner for 20 plus years. They have decided to monetize their 'Judge Judy' library of reruns."Sep 17, 2020 · In January of 2020, Judge Judy made it known that she supported former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg for president. But shortly after, in March 2020, he officially dropped out of the 2020 presidential race as a Democratic candidate and endorsed Joe Biden, as CNBC reports, “saying the former vice president has the best chance of defeating ... Judge Judy Biography. Judge Judy born Judith Susan Sheindlin is an American prosecution lawyer. She is also a former Manhattan family court judge, television personality, television producer, and author. In 1972, Judge Sheindlin began her family court career. She was appointed to the bench in 1982 by then New York Mayor Edward Koch.Following a brief hiatus, TV’s favorite judge is back. After her 25-season run on CBS came to a close this summer, Judge Judy Sheindlin is making the switch from daytime TV to streaming with her ...Judge Judy is taking her gavel to IMDb TV. After ending her 25-year streak as America’s favorite lady of the courthouse on CBS’ Judge Judy , Judy Sheindlin will debut her new series this November.The show is a spin-off of her previous show, Judge Judy. Who is the cast of Judy Justice? Judy Justice includes a cast of four members. Those members include: Judge Judy Sheindlin ; Law Clerk, Sarah Rose; Bailiff, Kevin Rasco ; Stenographer, Whitney Kumar; Rose is known as Sheindlin's granddaughter and is currently completing her law school ...Sep 17, 2020 · In January of 2020, Judge Judy made it known that she supported former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg for president. But shortly after, in March 2020, he officially dropped out of the 2020 presidential race as a Democratic candidate and endorsed Joe Biden, as CNBC reports, “saying the former vice president has the best chance of defeating ... Judge Judy looked unrecognisable as she stepped out with her husband in Los Angeles. The TV judge, 80, was snapped alongside her spouse Jerry Sheindlin, 89, as the pair were spotted leaving a ...The show is a spin-off of her previous show, Judge Judy. Who is the cast of Judy Justice? Judy Justice includes a cast of four members. Those members include: Judge Judy Sheindlin ; Law Clerk, Sarah Rose; Bailiff, Kevin Rasco ; Stenographer, Whitney Kumar; Rose is known as Sheindlin's granddaughter and is currently completing her law school ...Judy Sheindlin is stepping down from the Judge Judy bench after 25 years, but TV's highest-paid host made sure to walk away without lightening her pocketbook. The court show icon reveals she had ...The star of the show was always the judge herself, Justice Judy Sheindlin. The beloved courtroom show came to a close in 2021, but it quickly made a comeback as Prime Video's Justice Judy. Judge Sheindlin handles small claims on the show, as litigants are brought on cases that rarely scratch the $2,000 mark. The judge is world-famous, and she's ...Judge Judy is taking her gavel to IMDb TV. After ending her 25-year streak as America’s favorite lady of the courthouse on CBS’ Judge Judy , Judy Sheindlin will debut her new series this November.The woman best known as Judge Judy is departing from CBS after an impressive 25-year run — during much of which her courtroom show was the top first-run show in all of syndicated TV.It was in this capacity that Byrd met Judge Judy Sheindlin, who was the Supervising Family Court Judge for Manhattan. From 1986 through 1989, Byrd worked in the Manhattan family court system as a courtroom officer on a rotating basis for varying judges, Sheindlin among many others. [9]Jun 20, 2023 · In 2001 Judge Milian replaced Judge Judy’s husband, Jerry Sheindlin as the judge on “The People’s Court,” making her television debut on 12 March 2001 in an episode in the 17 th season. She was the first female Latina judge, not only on “The People’s Court,” but in any English-speaking television court series. Byrd will be the show’s bailiff, as he was alongside Sheindlin for 25 years of the daytime hit Judge Judy.When Judy Justice was announced, however, Byrd’s name was conspicuously missing ...The star of the show was always the judge herself, Justice Judy Sheindlin. The beloved courtroom show came to a close in 2021, but it quickly made a comeback as Prime Video's Justice Judy. Judge Sheindlin handles small claims on the show, as litigants are brought on cases that rarely scratch the $2,000 mark. The judge is world-famous, and she's ...Judge Judy is the most popular judge to ever star on television — judging from all of the other courtroom shows that have fallen in the ratings over the years. Judy's closest competition was Judge Joseph A. Wapner of "The People's Court," whose own run lasted eleven years. Wapner was even a temporary animal court Judge on "Animal Court" in 1998.Feb 2, 2022 · Judy Sheindlin or a.k.a “Judge Judy” is a U.S Based prosecution lawyer, a former Manhattan family court judge, and today an author, television personality, and producer. For a decade now, she has been running Judge Judy, an Arbitration-based court show series which runs on daytime and has an average 10 million viewers and has earned her a ... Judge Judy is the most popular judge to ever star on television — judging from all of the other courtroom shows that have fallen in the ratings over the years. Judy's closest competition was Judge Joseph A. Wapner of "The People's Court," whose own run lasted eleven years. Wapner was even a temporary animal court Judge on "Animal Court" in 1998.Perhaps, the end of ‘Judge Judy’ on CBS led many fans to believe that Judy had passed away. While we can confirm that she is alive, Judy has suffered the loss of a close colleague in April 2020. Jerry Bishop, who served as the announcer on ‘Judge Judy’ since the program started back in 1996, passed away at the age of 84. He died of ...Save for one brief split, Judges Judy and Jerry have been holding court together for four-plus decades—including the entire 25-year run of Judge Judy. Here's why their marriage still rules.Nov 4, 2022 · Sheindlin is also smiling over the fact that “Judy Justice,” her digital sequel to the iconic daytime court show “Judge Judy,” generated over 75 million streaming hours in the US and the ... Here are 24 things you don’t know about Judith Sheindlin – “Judge Judy”. 1.The ‘Genuine’ Judge – Judith Sheindlin is a retired ‘real’ judge, formerly working in the Manhattan family court having passed the New York bar exam in 1965, working as a prosecutor and being appointed as a judge in 1982 by mayor Ed Koch in 1982. 2.Aug 1, 2022 · ‘Judge Judy’ sees Judy Sheindlin taking over the reins. She is an actual judge, having worked at the Manhattan family court. She is an actual judge, having worked at the Manhattan family court. Having passed the bar in 1965, she went on to become a prosecutor and finally, a judge in 1982. The cases are real. The rulings are final. This is Judge Judy.” As this demonstrates, Judge Judy is an example of a reality television show. Many people are drawn to the show by Judge Judith Sheindlin’s fiery personality and for some of the outrageous cases that go on trial. However, analysis of Judge Judy reveals that the show may be doing ...The Original! There’s only ONE Judge Judy. Visit our website for where to watch, weekdays. Apr 29, 2022 · Although former Judge Judy bailiff Petri Hawkins-Byrd was not asked to join judge Judith Sheindlin’s new show Judy Justice, which upset fans, he will, however, have his day in court on a new show. Jan 20, 2016 · Here are 24 things you don’t know about Judith Sheindlin – “Judge Judy”. 1.The ‘Genuine’ Judge – Judith Sheindlin is a retired ‘real’ judge, formerly working in the Manhattan family court having passed the New York bar exam in 1965, working as a prosecutor and being appointed as a judge in 1982 by mayor Ed Koch in 1982. 2. Stream It Or Skip It: 'Judy Justice' On IMDb TV, Where Judge Judy Sheindlin Dispenses Her Signature Brand Of Tough Justice For A Streaming Audience. By Joel Keller Nov 1, 2021. The long-retired ...As of September 2023, Judge Judy’s net worth is estimated to be $440 Million, making her one of the richest judges in the world. Judith Susan Scheindlin, “Judge Judy”, is an American professional lawyer, author, television personality, and television producer from Brooklyn.The cases are real. The rulings are final. This is Judge Judy.” As this demonstrates, Judge Judy is an example of a reality television show. Many people are drawn to the show by Judge Judith Sheindlin’s fiery personality and for some of the outrageous cases that go on trial. However, analysis of Judge Judy reveals that the show may be doing ...The irrepressible Judge Judith Sheindlin continues to hold court as presiding judge on Judge Judy, the highest-rated daily, half-hour, nationally syndicated reality courtroom series.Yes, Judge Judy was a real judge, but she retired shortly before launching her TV show. On TV, she plays an arbiter rather than a judge. That said, the rulings she gives are legally binding. She handles cases that would typically go to small claims courts.Apr 29, 2022 · Although former Judge Judy bailiff Petri Hawkins-Byrd was not asked to join judge Judith Sheindlin’s new show Judy Justice, which upset fans, he will, however, have his day in court on a new show. Mar 1, 2021 · “I wish Judge Judy was in charge” (of my life, the courts, my country) is a recurring refrain on social media. But Sheindlin is hanging up her gavel. Judge Judy’s final episode will air this ... Judge Judy | Hulton Archive/Getty Images. No doubt you’re skeptical that Judy Sheindlin is a real judge in an era where reality shows fool us into various situations. In truth, she really is a ...Jun 14, 2023 · Judge Judy Sheindlin is currently worth an estimated $480 million, according to Forbes, but before the popular daytime decision-maker made it big on court TV, Sheindlin struggled to make ends meet. The star of the show was always the judge herself, Justice Judy Sheindlin. The beloved courtroom show came to a close in 2021, but it quickly made a comeback as Prime Video's Justice Judy. Judge Sheindlin handles small claims on the show, as litigants are brought on cases that rarely scratch the $2,000 mark. The judge is world-famous, and she's ...Stream It Or Skip It: 'Judy Justice' On IMDb TV, Where Judge Judy Sheindlin Dispenses Her Signature Brand Of Tough Justice For A Streaming Audience. By Joel Keller Nov 1, 2021. The long-retired ...Source: Getty Images. On March 2, Judy Sheindlin — better known as "Judge Judy" — announced that the upcoming season of her namesake courtroom show would be its last. "I've had a 25-year-long marriage with CBS, and it's been successful," she shared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, adding that a slate of new episodes will air throughout most of ...Dec 1, 2022 · Judge Judy is an American arbitration-based reality court show presided over by former Manhattan Family Court Judge Judith Sheindlin. The show features Shei... Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; born October 21, 1942), known professionally as Judge Judy, is an American court-show arbitrator, media personality, television producer, philanthropist, and former prosecutor and Manhattan family court judge.Judge Judy smiled, pointed to the defendants, and called them “Dumb and dumber.” “Judgment for the plaintiff in the amount of $500,” Judge Judy concluded. “Goodbye.” The case is one of thousands that Judy Sheindlin has settled as the host of Judge Judy, a reality television show that first aired in 1996. The cases are minor but real ...Sep 10, 2021 · Judge Judy is taking her gavel to IMDb TV. After ending her 25-year streak as America’s favorite lady of the courthouse on CBS’ Judge Judy , Judy Sheindlin will debut her new series this November. By CM Lucas. Published Nov 3, 2021. Famous TV judge Judy Sheindlin is inviting her granddaughter Sara Rose to join her on her new show. Via Judy Justice on Instagram. Judge Judy has been a television institution for 20+ years. The hard-boiled, no nonsense Brooklyn native sat behind the bench and dished out the law, all while providing viewers ...Judge Judy House Greenwich Connecticut. In 2007, Judge Judy bought a massive estate in Greenwich, CT for $13.2 million. It was a 20th century home built on 12.5 acres but needed a ton of work. The Sheindlins opted to demolish the existing home to make way for a new manor-style home. It’s a reported 20,000 square feet.The amount of money people receive for appearing on Judge Judy varies, probably depending on how much time they actually spend on screen or other factors. Some litigants have reported receiving $500, while others have received either $250 or even as low as $100. If Judge Judy Sheindlin issues a verdict of a specific dollar amount, the plaintiff ...Gerald Sheindlin, 77, will have his chance to shine as a cantankerous judge in the new TV show “Erroneous Convictions,” as he is often overshadowed by his wife, Judy Sheindlin, star of “Judge Judy.”. Jerry Sheindlin, Judge Judy’s husband, has been a federal judge for more than 30 years. A look at ten things to know about him. Judge Judy is returning to TV with a new court show… and her longtime bailiff has an objection.. After wrapping up a 25-year run with the syndicated Judge Judy, Judith Sheindlin is launching ...Judge Judy Learns What a Slim Jim Is. In a feud over $700 in frozen meat, the judge gets a primer on beef sticks. 09/06/2023. 09/01/2023; 08/31/2023; 08/30/2023; 08 ...Jun 4, 2021 · Judge Judy Sheindlin is adjourning from her hit daytime show after 25 years. But not before getting a few things off her chest. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Sheindlin said tensions… Gerald Sheindlin, 77, will have his chance to shine as a cantankerous judge in the new TV show “Erroneous Convictions,” as he is often overshadowed by his wife, Judy Sheindlin, star of “Judge Judy.”. Jerry Sheindlin, Judge Judy’s husband, has been a federal judge for more than 30 years. A look at ten things to know about him.The former Judge Judy star’s move from her longtime CBS syndication bench to the Amazon-owned streamer was a huge get for the burgeoning IMDb TV. Additionally, Judy Justice has proven a winner ...Feb 2, 2022 · Judy Sheindlin or a.k.a “Judge Judy” is a U.S Based prosecution lawyer, a former Manhattan family court judge, and today an author, television personality, and producer. For a decade now, she has been running Judge Judy, an Arbitration-based court show series which runs on daytime and has an average 10 million viewers and has earned her a ...
Judge Judy Sheindlin is adjourning from her hit daytime show after 25 years. But not before getting a few things off her chest. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Sheindlin said tensions…. Stanley black and decker inc
Judith Sheindlin has not donned a lace collar or black robe in two weeks. Since the final taping of Judge Judy in early April, the prosecutor turned TV personality has been trying her best to ...Jun 20, 2023 · In 2001 Judge Milian replaced Judge Judy’s husband, Jerry Sheindlin as the judge on “The People’s Court,” making her television debut on 12 March 2001 in an episode in the 17 th season. She was the first female Latina judge, not only on “The People’s Court,” but in any English-speaking television court series. Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; born October 21, 1942), known professionally as Judge Judy, is an American court-show arbitrator, media personality, television producer, philanthropist, and former prosecutor and Manhattan family court judge. Judge Judy Sheindlin and her husband, Jerry Sheindlin, have been together for over 40 years. The couple got married in 1977 and share five children from both of their previous marriages. In 1990 ...Judy Justice. in the works. 'Judge Judy' will end in 2021 after 25 seasons, with new show 'Judy Justice' featuring Judy Sheindlin in the works. 'Judge Judy' will still air reruns after new ...“I wish Judge Judy was in charge” (of my life, the courts, my country) is a recurring refrain on social media. But Sheindlin is hanging up her gavel. Judge Judy’s final episode will air this ...“I wish Judge Judy was in charge” (of my life, the courts, my country) is a recurring refrain on social media. But Sheindlin is hanging up her gavel. Judge Judy’s final episode will air this ...Judy Sheindlin is stepping down from the Judge Judy bench after 25 years, but TV's highest-paid host made sure to walk away without lightening her pocketbook. The court show icon reveals she had ...The Original! There’s only ONE Judge Judy. Visit our website for where to watch, weekdays.Feb 25, 2022 · Judge Judy is a TV personality and real-life judge who is known for her award-winning court show series, Judge Judy. The show has been so successful that it is rated second only to Oprah Winfrey Show in terms of attracting high daytime viewers in TV production. Judge Judy herself also happens to be one of the first female judges in the United ... May 12, 2023 · Judge Judy Sheindlin and her husband, Jerry Sheindlin, have been together for over 40 years. The couple got married in 1977 and share five children from both of their previous marriages. In 1990 ... Judy Sheindlin, who left her iconic daytime show "Judge Judy" after a quarter-century, kicks off her new court show, "Judy Justice," Monday (Nov. 1) on Amazon Prime. "Judge Judy" continues to rule ...It was in this capacity that Byrd met Judge Judy Sheindlin, who was the Supervising Family Court Judge for Manhattan. From 1986 through 1989, Byrd worked in the Manhattan family court system as a courtroom officer on a rotating basis for varying judges, Sheindlin among many others. [9]Sheindlin is also smiling over the fact that “Judy Justice,” her digital sequel to the iconic daytime court show “Judge Judy,” generated over 75 million streaming hours in the US and the ...May 13, 2021 · Judith Sheindlin has not donned a lace collar or black robe in two weeks. Since the final taping of Judge Judy in early April, the prosecutor turned TV personality has been trying her best to ... Mar 3, 2020 · Source: Getty Images. On March 2, Judy Sheindlin — better known as "Judge Judy" — announced that the upcoming season of her namesake courtroom show would be its last. "I've had a 25-year-long marriage with CBS, and it's been successful," she shared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, adding that a slate of new episodes will air throughout most of ... For a decade and a half, "Judge Judy" has been 4 p.m. appointment television here on CBS2. While she remains a staple before our broadcast, she is now venturing into streaming entertainment.Judge Judy smiled, pointed to the defendants, and called them “Dumb and dumber.” “Judgment for the plaintiff in the amount of $500,” Judge Judy concluded. “Goodbye.” The case is one of thousands that Judy Sheindlin has settled as the host of Judge Judy, a reality television show that first aired in 1996. The cases are minor but real ....